ISO 60 specifies how to measure the apparent density of free-flowing plastic powders using a standardized funnel and cylinder method. The test result, expressed in g/cm³, helps compare powder flow characteristics for quality control, material handling, and process planning in the plastics industry.
General description of ISO 60
ISO 60 is an international standard that specifies the method for determining the apparent density of powders that can be poured from a specified funnel. In the context of the plastics industry, ISO 60 focuses on measuring the bulk or apparent density of plastic powders, which is a key property affecting material handling, processing, and quality control. The standard outlines precise steps for conducting the test, including the use of a standardized funnel, a graduated cylinder, and specific procedures to ensure consistent results. The measurement obtained under ISO 60 can help manufacturers predict how plastic powders will behave during storage and processing.
Scope and relevance
ISO 60 is primarily applicable to plastic materials delivered in powder form, such as PVC, PE, and other resins used in technical compounds. The test result, called apparent density, is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). The standard helps users compare the handling and flow characteristics of different batches or types of powders, aiding in quality assessment and process planning. It is mainly relevant for manufacturers, compounders, and laboratories working with powdered plastic resins.
Key points in the method
Under ISO 60, a representative powder sample is poured into a 100 cm³ graduated cylinder through a specified funnel. Once the powder has settled in the cylinder without tapping or compression, its volume is recorded, and the bulk density is calculated by dividing the sample mass by the settled volume. The process eliminates variables such as air entrapment or compaction, delivering a practical reference value for apparent density.
Takeaway
ISO 60 offers a reliable means to assess the apparent density of plastic powders, supporting process consistency and product quality. Adhering to this standard facilitates communication between material suppliers and processors by using established measurement protocols.
Introduction to the test procedure
The method described in ISO 60 allows laboratories and manufacturers to consistently determine the apparent density of plastic powders. By following the procedure precisely as set out in the standard, users ensure that results can be compared across batches and with external suppliers or clients. Below is a structured step-by-step guide to carrying out the test in accordance with ISO 60.
Preparing the equipment and sample
Carefully select a clean, dry, and calibrated 100 cm³ graduated cylinder and the specified standard ISO 60 funnel. Obtain a representative powder sample and ensure it is free of lumps or agglomerates. Condition the sample if required by the relevant material specification.
Pours and measurement
Position the graduated cylinder directly beneath the funnel outlet, aligning setup vertically and ensuring the funnel is not touching the cylinder. Pour the powder steadily through the funnel from a controlled height, allowing it to fall freely into the cylinder until overflowing. Remove the funnel, level excess powder using a straightedge, but do not tap or compress. Weigh the powder-filled cylinder to determine the sample mass, then note the precise settled volume.
Calculation and recording
Calculate the apparent density by dividing the mass of powder by the recorded volume in cubic centimeters. Repeat the procedure for at least two additional test portions and average the results for the final value.
Points to consider and result interpretation
The procedure is suitable only for free-flowing powders. Powders that clog or bridge in the funnel cannot be reliably tested by this method. Results provide comparison between different batches, suppliers, and processing methods. Any unusual powder behavior during testing should be documented for full traceability and analysis.
Summary
ISO 60 bulk density testing is a standardized method to assess apparent density for flowing powdered plastics. Proper adherence to specified equipment, procedure, and calculation steps ensures repeatable and meaningful results for quality and process optimization.
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