ISO 13 260 defines a standardized immersion method to determine the density of non-cellular solid plastics. Widely used in plastic pipe production, it details the use of air and liquid weighing, equipment specifications, and sample preparation to achieve comparable, repeatable density measurements for quality control and material characterization.
Overview of ISO 13 260—determining density of plastics
ISO 13 260 specifies a standardized method for determining the density of non-cellular plastics, such as those used in the manufacturing of plastic pipes and fittings. The test method is primarily aimed at assessing the density of raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished components, excluding cellular plastics and composites containing high levels of fillers. Accurate density determination is essential because density directly influences mechanical properties, such as strength and stiffness, and serves as a critical quality control parameter within the plastic pipe industry.
Principle of the test method
The principle of ISO 13 260 is based on Archimedes’ principle, in which the loss of weight of a specimen when immersed in a liquid equals the weight of liquid displaced. The density of the specimen is calculated by measuring its weight in air and its apparent weight when submerged in a liquid of known density. Requirements for specimen size, liquid temperature, and the avoidance of air bubbles are detailed in the standard to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
Equipment and materials addressed by ISO 13 260
The standard outlines precise requirements for balances, immersion vessels, and the liquids to be used, typically recommending distilled or deionized water at a controlled temperature (commonly 23°C or 27°C). It also details sample preparation, including conditioning procedures and dimensions, to ensure comparability of results across laboratories and test series.
Takeaway
ISO 13 260 is a recognized global standard for determining the density of solid plastics in the context of pipes and other industrial applications. By following the procedures detailed in the standard, manufacturers and quality control laboratories can achieve reliable and comparable density measurements for materials and finished products.
Setting up for ISO 13 260—preparation steps
Begin by preparing the equipment in accordance with ISO 13 260: select a balance accurate to 0.1 mg, an immersion vessel, and a liquid such as distilled water maintained at the specified temperature (often 23°C). Prepare the test specimens by conditioning them as required by the standard, ensuring that samples are free from surface contamination and are at the designated dimensions. Ensure that all equipment and samples have reached equilibrium with the laboratory environment.
Measuring the specimen weights accurately
Weigh each specimen in air and then using a wire or holder, immerse the specimen completely in the liquid and record its apparent weight. Avoid the formation of air bubbles on the sample surface, as this will affect the measurement. If necessary, gently dislodge air bubbles using a fine brush or by tilting the specimen. The temperature of both the air and the liquid should be controlled and recorded to minimize measurement errors.
Calculating density and documenting results
Use the recorded weights and the known density of the immersion liquid to calculate the density of the specimen according to the formula specified in ISO 13 260. Repeat the process for each specimen, and, if required, calculate the average value. Document all procedural details, including sample identification, weights, temperatures, and any deviations from the standard.
Quality assurance best practices
Maintain traceability by calibrating the balance and thermometer before each testing session. Compare results with reference values or materials if available. Always follow the sample conditioning and handling procedures described in the standard to avoid introducing systematic errors.
Summary
ISO 13 260 provides a precise, stepwise procedure for determining the density of non-cellular plastic materials. Following the standard helps guarantee reliable, accurate, and reproducible results, which are essential for quality control in the plastics industry.
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