ASTM D 1599 is a standard test method used to determine the short-term hydrostatic burst strength of plastic pipes, tubing, and fittings by subjecting specimens to increasing internal water pressure until failure, typically within 60 to 70 seconds. Results support quality control, product qualification, and compliance.
ASTM D 1599: Standard for burst pressure determination
ASTM D 1599 is a recognized test method for determining the short-term hydrostatic burst strength of plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings. This standard specifies the procedures used to subject a test specimen to internal hydrostatic pressure until failure, typically within a period of 60 to 70 seconds. The test is primarily intended for use with thermoplastic piping materials, and the results are used for quality control, specification compliance, and to assess the capability of pipe, tubing, or fittings to withstand high internal pressure under controlled conditions.
Test principles and equipment
ASTM D 1599 requires test specimens such as sections of pipe, tubing, or assembled fittings to be filled with water, sealed, and then subjected to a controlled and steadily increasing internal hydrostatic pressure. The test is generally performed at a specified ambient or elevated temperature, as required by the material or relevant product standards. Equipment required includes a pressure vessel, calibrated pressure gauge, pump capable of precise and rapid pressure increase, and temperature control where necessary. Results are recorded as the maximum pressure the specimen sustains immediately prior to rupture.
Role in quality assurance
The ASTM D 1599 test method is widely referenced in the plastic pipe industry for quality assurance and compliance with regulatory or purchasing standards. It is especially useful for detecting faults in processing, material inconsistencies, or design weaknesses that could cause failure in service. Test results are often required for type approval or certification of plastic piping systems, ensuring reliable performance in applications subject to high or fluctuating pressure.
Takeaway
ASTM D 1599 offers a standardized approach to evaluating the short-term pressure resistance of plastic pipes, tubing, and fittings. This test is valuable for both product development and routine production testing.
Essential steps to conduct the ASTM D 1599 test
Before testing, ensure all equipment is calibrated according to ASTM D 1599 guidance. Verify the internal hydrostatic pressure apparatus is capable of delivering the required rate of pressure increase. Prepare the water supply, ensure a constant temperature if applicable, and confirm that the pressure gauge can be read with an accuracy of at least 1% of test pressure. Select representative samples that meet dimensional and conditioning requirements set by the standard. Document relevant dimensions, sample identification, and any preconditioning performed.
Test specimen preparation
Proper sample preparation is essential for reliable results. Sections of pipe or fabricated fittings should be cut to specified lengths, with ends prepared to fit test apparatus adaptors. For joined specimens, assemblies must be constructed according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Conditioning might involve storage at specified temperatures and humidity. Record all sample preparation details for traceability.
Conducting the pressure test
Install the prepared specimen in the pressure testing assembly. Fill completely with water, vent air, then seal the system. Apply hydrostatic pressure steadily at the rate specified in the standard, with the goal of causing failure within the required time window (typically 60 to 70 seconds). Observe the specimen throughout the test, and record the maximum pressure reached immediately prior to rupture. Note the type of failure, location, and any abnormal behaviors.
Documenting and reporting results
Accurate documentation is crucial. All observations, pressures, failure times, and descriptions should be recorded in a test report. Include details on equipment, specimen preparation, test temperature, and the rate of pressure increase. Final reports provide the burst pressure value and note if the failure mode was ductile, brittle, or otherwise non-typical. Retain raw data and reports for reference in quality control or compliance reviews.
Critical test considerations
Precise control of all variables is necessary for standardized and reproducible results. This includes ensuring samples are free from visible defects, the test rig provides a consistent pressure increase, and temperature conditions are maintained within allowable limits. Pay close attention to correct venting of the system to exclude air, as trapped air can affect measured burst strength. Reference ASTM D 1599 regularly for compliance with all procedural steps and tolerances.
Summary
ASTM D 1599 offers a controlled method to evaluate the burst strength of plastic piping products. Following the correct sample preparation, test sequence, and reporting requirements is key for obtaining valid results. The method helps verify product safety and manufacturing consistency.
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